I'd argue for exp even for a failure (assuming the player survives). Like Rigon said, you learn from your failures too.
Real life example for me, I failed SL JM school -3 seconds too slow to meat the standard and I missed major-minor error - I had the opportunity to go back and retry the school a year later, and I passed easily. The experience of failing at it set me up for success on the second try. Plus I'd argue I was a better JM overall because I failed the first time. I knew my faults/weaknesses, knew how to work thorough them and was more confident for passing despite a no joy first go around.
Now after saying that, I will agree that Serleran's 'Brave Sir Robin' example fits. You can't run away and avoid things and still make rank. Furthermore, Mbeacom's 'not diving out exp on a minute scale' is spot on.
Wow, I've talked myself squarely onto the middle of the fence ... I failed at defending my point of failing getting a player exp, but I gained exp so did I fail ...
